The photo, taken on February 12, 2023, shows the unique geological features of the Trou au Natron, including the caldera rim creating the outline of the face, cinder cones representing the eyes and nose, and a whitish area around the mouth made of natron mineral crust. According to Nasa Earth Observatory, Trou au Natron is a 3,300-foot deep volcanic pit and soda lake located southeast of Tarso Toussidé, in the Tibesti Mountains. The region is geothermally active and has several volcanic peaks. The soda lake is surrounded by cinder cones, which are relatively young and may have formed within the past few million years.

The mineral crust made of natron forms as hot spring water evaporates, leaving behind mineral-rich steam. Accessing Trou au Natron has been challenging for scientists due to its remote location. However, in 2015, German researcher Stefan Kröpelin managed to collect fossilized aquatic algae samples that are believed to have formed around 120,000 years ago. Satellite observations, particularly from the ASTER sensor on NASA's Terra satellite, have provided valuable insights into the region's geological history. Researchers from the University of Cambridge have created a timeline of the volcanic activity in the area, with the formation of Trou au Natron being one of the more recent significant events.

The photo, captured by a member of the Expedition 68 crew aboard the International Space Station, was taken using a Nikon D5 digital camera with a focal length of 500 millimeters. The image was cropped and enhanced to improve contrast, and lens artifacts were removed. The International Space Station Program supports astronauts in capturing these Earth images, making them accessible to scientists and the public. The unique features of the Trou au Natron captured in this photo provide valuable insights into the geological history of this remote volcanic area. The stunning resemblance to a ghostly face adds to the intrigue surrounding this natural wonder in northern Chad.