As the United States eases rules that could potentially allow commercial airlines to fly over Afghanistan, questions arise about the risks and challenges associated with such flights. The Taliban's history of extreme restrictions, including blocking women from schools and jobs, raises concerns about human rights violations and the treatment of women.

Additionally, the presence of an estimated 4,500 shoulder-launched anti-aircraft weapons poses a threat to aircraft flying in uncontrolled airspace. The aviation industry has expressed reservations about flying over Afghanistan, citing the absence of air traffic control and the risk of militant fire.

Despite the potential challenges, resuming flights over Afghanistan would have a significant impact on carriers. Afghanistan's central location in Central Asia makes it an important transit point for travel between India, Europe, and America. Currently, airlines divert their routes to avoid Afghan airspace, which increases flight times and fuel consumption.

However, a decision by the US Federal Aviation Administration in July suggests that flights above 32,000 feet may be considered safe. The Federal Aviation Administration believes that flights at or above 32,000 feet remain out of reach of shoulder-launched anti-aircraft weapons.

United Airlines, for example, operates a direct flight from Newark, New Jersey, to New Delhi that could potentially benefit from overflights. However, the airline has stated that it has no plans to expand its use of Afghan airspace at this time. Virgin Atlantic and other carriers also use the Wakhan Corridor route but have not indicated any plans to change their current flight paths.

The current lack of interest from airlines can be attributed to the risks involved, including the presence of militant weapons and the absence of air traffic control. Afghanistan has a history of armed conflict and has been known to possess Soviet-era anti-aircraft guns.

To ensure passenger safety, airlines are cautious about flying over the country. International sanctions on the Taliban have also affected the collection of overflight fees, with the International Air Transport Association suspending its contract with Afghanistan.

In conclusion, while the possibility of resuming flights over Afghanistan could benefit carriers in terms of shorter routes and reduced fuel consumption, the risks associated with flying over the country are significant. Ensuring the safety of passengers and complying with international sanctions remain top priorities for airlines. As the situation in Afghanistan evolves, airlines will continue to assess the feasibility and safety of overflights.