China's Maritime Militia on the Rise: Recent Developments in the South China Sea Raise Alarms

Recent developments in the South China Sea have raised concerns about China's potential activation of its maritime militia, according to a report by The Eurasian Times. The presence of a significant number of Chinese fishing vessels in the area following an incident between China Coast Guard (CCG) vessels and a Philippine ship suggests that China's maritime militia could be activated in the event of a conflict involving Beijing, Manila, and the US-led coalition. On August 5, six CCG ships, accompanied by the fishing militia, obstructed Philippine Navy-chartered civilian vessels delivering supplies to Philippine forces stationed at the Second Thomas Shoal.

In response to this incident, the US, Australia, and Japan announced joint exercises in the South China Sea, highlighting international concern over these developments. Images shared on social media displayed a large congregation of fishing vessels navigating around a cluster of small islands in the South China Sea. China's maritime militia, which has been deployed in previous disputes with Vietnam and the Philippines over contested territories, is of particular interest to China experts. At the same time, joint drills involving the US, Japan, and Australia are set to showcase military coordination and strength.

The USS America aircraft carrier, JS Izumo from Japan, and Australia's HMAS Canberra, along with helicopter carriers and naval aircraft, will participate in these exercises. These drills, planned months in advance, now gain additional significance in light of recent events. China's maritime militia serves to assert China's maritime claims and rights, and plays a secondary role in warfare, encompassing surveillance, reconnaissance, and logistical responsibilities. While some assessments suggest these boats may lack direct weaponry, there is speculation that China could equip them in specific circumstances.

The concept of China's maritime militia has evolved over time, adopting a multifaceted approach. Supported by maritime law enforcement agencies, the militia has become a frontline response mechanism during contingencies, enabling the PLA Navy (PLAN) to assume background roles. While these fishing vessels may lack direct combat capability, they raise concerns due to their potential to employ swarm tactics, presenting an asymmetric threat to warships.

Furthermore, their civilian appearance and purpose add complexity, making warship commanders cautious about targeting civilian-like vessels with uncertain affiliations. Overall, the recent appearance of Chinese fishing vessels in the South China Sea and the potential activation of China's maritime militia highlight the growing concerns and international attention surrounding the ongoing tensions in the region.